{"id":7982,"date":"2014-07-18T12:18:19","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T10:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/?p=7982"},"modified":"2014-07-18T12:18:19","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T10:18:19","slug":"puvod-kapitalismu-ellen-meiksins-woodova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/?p=7982","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvod kapitalismu – Ellen Meiksins Woodov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Kapitalismus b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za logick\u00fd produkt p\u0159irozen\u00e9 povahy lidsk\u00e9ho druhu a jak\u00e9koliv snahy o jeho p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed prohla\u0161ov\u00e1ny za bl\u00e1hov\u00e9 vzdorov\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u011bnn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016fm. Zpochyb\u0148ovat takov\u00e1to nesmysln\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u00fakolem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo stejn\u011b jako my hodl\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edvat k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed kapitalismu, tedy roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed komunismu.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyvr\u00e1tit m\u00fdty o nevyhnutelnosti kapitalismu, je nutn\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvat nejen t\u00edm, jak funguje a jak\u00e9 s\u00edly ho udr\u017euj\u00ed v pohybu. Je pot\u0159eba j\u00edt po \u010dasov\u00e9 ose zp\u011bt a\u017e do p\u0159edkapitalistick\u00fdch dob. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich rozborem lze pochopit, \u017ee kapitalismus je produktem velmi specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prom\u011bnu spole\u010densk\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto podm\u00ednky a vlastnick\u00e9 vztahy vedly k rozvoji kapitalismu nejprve v Anglii a pot\u00e9 na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pochopit jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed specifika k tomuto vedly, znamen\u00e1 odkr\u00fdt skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kapitalismus nebyl a ani nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u011bta a \u017ee spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj sm\u011brem ke kapitalismu nen\u00ed odrazem p\u0159irozen\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 povahy, proto existuje i mo\u017enost v\u00fdvoje nekapitalistick\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n

Kniha P\u016fvod kapitalismu od Ellen Meiksins Woodov\u00e9 se pr\u00e1v\u011b tento postoj sna\u017e\u00ed podlo\u017eit analytick\u00fdm pohledem do historie kapitalismu a popisem specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek jeho vzniku i rozvoje. P\u0159i tom nabour\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 za\u017eit\u00e9 stereotypy \u2013 vznik kapitalismu nap\u0159\u00edklad klade na venkov, a nikoli do m\u011bst. Rozvoj manufaktur a postupn\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed nepova\u017euje za hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu ran\u00e9ho kapitalismu, ale naopak za jeho d\u016fsledek. Na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b zase upozor\u0148uje na \u010dasto opom\u00edjen\u00fd fakt, \u017ee kapitalismus nevzniknul ve vysp\u011bl\u00e9 a bohat\u00e9 Francii, \u0160pan\u011blsku nebo Holandsku, ale v relativn\u011b zaostal\u00e9 Anglii.<\/p>\n

Tuto knihu v\u0159ele doporu\u010duje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo o toto t\u00e9ma jev\u00ed z\u00e1jem. Netvrd\u00edme sice, \u017ee pln\u011b koresponduje s na\u0161imi n\u00e1zory, ale rozhodn\u011b je dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem pro antikapitalistickou teorii.<\/p>\n

Autorka knihy je marxistick\u00e1 kanadsk\u00e1 politolo\u017eka, jej\u00edm\u017e celo\u017eivotn\u00edm odborn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem je problematika vzniku kapitalismu, jeho specifick\u00fdch rys\u016f a princip\u016f fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 od trhu a\u017e po imperialismus. Na knize jde tedy zn\u00e1t autor\u010din z\u00e1pal pro v\u011bc a velk\u00fd rozhled v oblastech, o kter\u00fdch pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1. Nem\u011bli jsme zat\u00edm mo\u017enost \u010d\u00edst i jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla, proto nelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee bychom v nich na\u0161li i problematick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Tato konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kniha jich ale podle n\u00e1s mnoho neobsahuje a proto j\u00ed nev\u00e1h\u00e1me doporu\u010dit. \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad knihy vydal Socialistick\u00fd kruh<\/a> (SOK)<\/em><\/strong> v roce 2011. Knihu v PDF verzi je mo\u017en\u00e9 st\u00e1hnout na webu<\/em> kniznica.soup.io<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Citace z knihy:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eKapitalismus nen\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdm a nutn\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem lidsk\u00e9 povahy nebo odv\u011bk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed tendence k \u201av\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9mu obchodu\u201b. Je to pozdn\u00ed a lokalizovan\u00fd produkt velmi specifick\u00fdch historick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Expanzivn\u00ed el\u00e1n kapitalismu, kter\u00fd dnes dosp\u011bl do bodu faktick\u00e9 univerzality, nen\u00ed d\u016fsledkem jeho souladu s lidskou povahou nebo n\u011bjak\u00fdm nadhistorick\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jak\u00e9si rasov\u00e9 nebo kulturn\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti \u201aZ\u00e1padu\u201b, ale produktem jeho vlastn\u00edch historicky specifick\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f pohybu, jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti a jedine\u010dn\u00e9 nutnosti neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sebe sama. Aby tyto z\u00e1kony pohybu za\u010daly p\u016fsobit, vy\u017eadovaly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 transformace a ot\u0159esy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

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pozn. Zve\u0159ej\u0148ujeme-li upout\u00e1vku na knihu, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee mus\u00edme souhlasit s ve\u0161ker\u00fdmi postoji autorky a vydavatele.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kapitalismus b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za logick\u00fd produkt p\u0159irozen\u00e9 povahy lidsk\u00e9ho druhu a jak\u00e9koliv snahy o jeho p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed prohla\u0161ov\u00e1ny za bl\u00e1hov\u00e9 vzdorov\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u011bnn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016fm. Zpochyb\u0148ovat takov\u00e1to nesmysln\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u00fakolem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo stejn\u011b jako my hodl\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edvat k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed kapitalismu, tedy roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed komunismu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8517,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,8,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-antikapitalismus","category-co-se-pise-jinde","category-vsechny-prispevky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7983,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7982\/revisions\/7983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}