{"id":610,"date":"2010-09-28T00:00:25","date_gmt":"2010-09-28T00:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/?p=610"},"modified":"2010-09-28T00:00:25","modified_gmt":"2010-09-28T00:00:25","slug":"osvobozeni-zvirat-jak-na-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/?p=610","title":{"rendered":"Osvobozen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at: Jak na to?!"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/a>V p\u00e1tek 24.9.2010 prob\u011bhlo v pra\u017esk\u00e9m Discentru z iniciativy asociace ALERTA a n\u011bkolika zp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdch skupin a jednotlivc\u016f otev\u0159en\u00e9 diskuzn\u00ed sek\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159edm\u011btem diskuze se stalo t\u00e9ma: \u201eR\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k ochran\u011b a z\u00e1chran\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at\u201c<\/strong>.\u00a0
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Diskuze byla velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a bylo z n\u00ed opravdu c\u00edtit, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k dan\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu je mnoho a \u017ee n\u011bkdy tato n\u00e1zorov\u00e1 pestrost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech naopak nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou spolupr\u00e1ci. Smyslem diskuze v\u0161ak nebylo pouze teoretizovat o tom, v \u010dem se jednotliv\u00e9 pohledy li\u0161\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 tam, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9 hledat spole\u010dn\u00e9 body vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro praktickou \u010dinnost. To, zda v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti byla diskuze alespo\u0148 trochu p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1, uk\u00e1\u017ee \u010das. Nyn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme text, kter\u00fd si p\u0159ipavil na akci jeden z diskutuj\u00edc\u00edch, aby nast\u00ednil jeho pohled na to, na jak\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch a principech by praktick\u00e9 kroky mohly b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

# \u00a0# \u00a0#<\/strong><\/p>\n

BOJ ZA OSVOBOZEN\u00cd ZV\u00cd\u0158AT: ANTIKAPITALISTICK\u00c1 PERSPEKTIVA<\/strong><\/p>\n

– 10 bod\u016f pro diskusi –<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 )<\/strong> Aktivita za osvobozen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at je ze sv\u00e9 podstaty politickou aktivitou a m\u011bla by b\u00fdt zasazena do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 teorie a praxe. Vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at nen\u00ed fenom\u00e9n vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed v \u201epolitick\u00e9m vakuu\u201c, ale v politicko-ekonomick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba zkoumat a po\u010d\u00edtat s jeho vlivy. Vyty\u010dit si jako prim\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edl ochranu mimolidsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale nezasadit ho do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed a prov\u00e1zanosti s jin\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty je ned\u016fsledn\u00e9 a kontraproduktivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2 )<\/strong> Vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at je, stejn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, d\u016fsledkem vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed, a struktur, ve kter\u00fdch jsou organizov\u00e1ni. Jedinci se nerod\u00ed s p\u0159edur\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee budou vrahy zv\u00ed\u0159at. Vrahy z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 spole\u010densk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a struktury, kter\u00e9 formuj\u00ed charakterov\u00e9 vlastnosti jednotliv\u00fdch individualit.<\/p>\n

3 )<\/strong> Pokud se chceme v\u011bnovat zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm a jejich osvobozen\u00ed, pak se logicky nevyhneme kritice toho, co vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro jejich vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed (kapitalismus, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh, spole\u010densk\u00e1 hierarchie, st\u00e1t…) a toho, co stimuluje u lid\u00ed \u201epot\u0159ebu\u201c zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyko\u0159is\u0165ovat a konzumovat (masmedia, reklamn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, marketingov\u00e9 strategie korporac\u00ed atd.).<\/p>\n

4 )<\/strong> Neexistuje jasn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata od kapitalismu. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata v kapitalismu \u017eij\u00ed a kapitalismus m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 negativn\u00ed dopady na jejich \u017eivoty. V\u011bnovat se ochran\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at logicky znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt antikapitalistou \u010di antikapitalistkou. Antikapitalismus je v podstat\u011b d\u016fsledn\u00fd a nekompromisn\u00ed abolicionismus \u2013 tedy organizovan\u00e1 negace v\u0161ech forem otroctv\u00ed (panstv\u00ed a hierarchie) a snaha je p\u0159ekonat a odstranit. Antikapitalismus si nevyty\u010dil za c\u00edl a prost\u0159edek boj proti jedn\u00e9 form\u011b otroctv\u00ed (nap\u0159. vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed krav ve velkochovech ) se soub\u011b\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm \u010di obhajobou jin\u00fdch forem otroctv\u00ed (nap\u0159. otroctv\u00ed n\u00e1mezdn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00edch, otroctv\u00ed \u017een v patriarch\u00e1tu…), jako to d\u011blaj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed vegani a veganky, kte\u0159\u00ed a kter\u00e9 usiluj\u00ed o pouhou zm\u011bnu stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. Antikapitalismus rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 otroctv\u00ed a jeho principy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sf\u00e9r\u00e1ch a uplat\u0148ovan\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch druz\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me lidmi. Je zcela scestn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat se boji za osvobozen\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u00edk\u016f v laborato\u0159\u00edch, krav ve velkochovech, medv\u011bd\u016f v cirkusech, ale ignorovat pot\u0159ebu propojen\u00ed tohoto boje s bojem za osvobozen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00fdmi jsou n\u00e1mezdn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u011b vylou\u010den\u00e9 minority, \u017eeny trp\u00edc\u00ed pod tlakem patriarch\u00e1tu atd. Je pot\u0159eba, abychom byli\/-y d\u016fsledn\u00ed\/-\u00e9 a prosazovali\/-y abolicionistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Otroctv\u00ed bychom m\u011bli\/-y odm\u00edtat ve v\u0161ech form\u00e1ch, ne odm\u00edtat jednu formu (nap\u0159. velkochov zv\u00ed\u0159at) a propagovat formu jinou (nap\u0159. kapitalistick\u00fd trh).<\/p>\n

5 )<\/strong> D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je neust\u00e1le v\u011bnovat pozornost zdrojov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m probl\u00e9m\u016f (kapitalismu, glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu trhu, hierarchii, st\u00e1tu..) a neodvracet od nich pohled pod z\u00e1minkou toho, \u017ee antikapitalistick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika m\u016f\u017ee odradit mnoh\u00e9 lidi od spolupr\u00e1ce. Pokud odvr\u00e1t\u00edme pohled od zdrojov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, pak n\u00e1\u0161 pohled bude z\u00fa\u017een\u00fd, rozost\u0159en\u00fd a neumo\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1m ud\u011blat d\u016fslednou anal\u00fdzu dan\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu, proto\u017ee nebudou zohled\u0148ov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 faktory s t\u00e9matem souvisej\u00edc\u00ed. Pohled se stane zdeformovan\u00fdm a bude p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou povrchn\u00edch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f vytr\u017een\u00fdch z kontextu a odtr\u017een\u00fdch od reality.<\/p>\n

6 )<\/strong> Hierarchick\u00e1 (nap\u0159. kapitalistick\u00e1) spole\u010dnost bez \u00fatlaku zv\u00ed\u0159at je protimluv! Hierarchie je zalo\u017eena na zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed privilegi\u00ed jedn\u011bch na \u00fakor druh\u00fdch. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u00fatlaku mimolidsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at tedy nelze realizovat bez odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u00fatlaku (hierarchie) lid\u00ed. D\u016fsledn\u00fd boj za osvobozen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at je proto logicky bojem za zbour\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 hierarchie. Hierarchie je v podstat\u011b pyramidov\u00fd organiza\u010dn\u00ed model strukturovan\u00fd nerovnost\u00e1\u0159sky. Na vrcholu pyramidy jsou v\u017edy ti a ty, kte\u0159\u00ed\/-r\u00e9 prosazuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy na \u00fakor t\u011bch, co jsou v patrech pod nimi. Je-li takov\u00e1 organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, pak se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou vzniku stejn\u00e9 struktury (hierarchie) ve vztahu mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a dal\u0161\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi druhy. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno to, co \u010dlov\u011bk vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch mezilidsk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch, pak reprodukuje ve vztaz\u00edch k ostatn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm (a d\u011blal to tak v\u017edy ve v\u0161ech hierarchick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech v minulosti). V lidsk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchii jsou jedni lid\u00e9 na vrcholu, zat\u00edmco druz\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v pod\u0159adn\u00e9m postaven\u00ed. V lidsk\u00e9m vztahu k ostatn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm je pansk\u00fd princip uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n sm\u011brem od lidsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at k zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm mimolidsk\u00fdm. Princip z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v z\u00e1kladu stejn\u00fd, jen na sebe bere r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby a je reprodukov\u00e1n ve vztahu k r\u016fzn\u00fdm tvor\u016fm.<\/p>\n

7 )<\/strong> Zm\u011bna stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b bez zm\u011bny soci\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur sama o sob\u011b mnoho ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed! Nap\u0159. p\u0159echod lidsk\u00e9 populace na vegansk\u00e9 stravov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapitalistick\u00e9ho trhu by nevedlo k odstran\u011bn\u00ed vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale jen k p\u0159esunu \u00fatlaku z jednoho \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho druhu na jin\u00fd. Nap\u0159. od kr\u00e1vy z velkochovu sm\u011brem k \u010dlov\u011bku na poli se s\u00f3jou. Pot\u0159eby tr\u017en\u00edch subjekt\u016f (firem, korporac\u00ed) jsou v hierarchick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u017edy uspokojov\u00e1ny na \u00fakor vyko\u0159is\u0165ovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch sil (hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, n\u00e1mezdn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed atd.) produkuj\u00edc\u00edch na trhu sm\u011bniteln\u00e9 komodity. Trh je zalo\u017een na drav\u00e9 konkurenci a expanzi, tak\u017ee ani \u201ezelen\u00fd\u201c \u010di \u201evegansk\u00fd\u201c kapitalismus se nem\u016f\u017ee vyhnout vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, destrukci a \u00fatlaku coby pr\u016fvodn\u00edm kapitalistick\u00fdm jev\u016fm. P\u0159esto\u017ee propaguji vegastv\u00ed jako smyslupln\u00fd a v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok, tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee moralistick\u00e9 nad\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed nad jin\u00e9 stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k elit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu, kter\u00fd je pot\u0159eba zavrhnout stejn\u011b jako samotn\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Tento elit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a moralistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup se u mnoh\u00fdch vegan\u016f a veganek st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou v uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si faktu, \u017ee na kapitalistick\u00e9m trhu (v\u010detn\u011b tzv. fair trade) neexistuj\u00ed produkty, kter\u00e9 by byly \u201eeticky \u010dist\u00e9\u201c. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 komodita na trhu je poznamen\u00e1na neetick\u00fdm zach\u00e1zen\u00edm s t\u011bmi, co je produkuj\u00ed. U kravsk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 kr\u00e1vy ve velkochovu, u \u201esojov\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka\u201c se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1mezdn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blce p\u011bstuj\u00edc\u00edho na poli sojov\u00e9 boby. V r\u00e1mci tr\u017en\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou tedy neeticky z\u00edskan\u00e9 nejen \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 produkty, ale i ty ne\u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 vegansk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

8 ) <\/strong>Je pot\u0159eba striktn\u011b odm\u00edtnout d\u011blen\u00ed na MY LID\u00c9 a ONA ZV\u00cd\u0158ATA. I lid\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pestr\u00e9 mno\u017einy zvan\u00e9 ZV\u00cd\u0158ATA. Vy\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed z t\u00e9to skupiny znamen\u00e1 reprodukci hierarchie, a t\u00edm i princip\u016f nadvl\u00e1dy, vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fatlaku. Ka\u017ed\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed boj je bojem souvisej\u00edc\u00edm se zv\u00ed\u0159aty. N\u011bkdy jsou st\u0159edem pozornosti tohoto boje kr\u00e1vy, prasata, mor\u010data, jindy jsou to lidsk\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata v soci\u00e1ln\u011b vylou\u010den\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, lidsk\u00e9 rodiny, kter\u00fdm hroz\u00ed, \u017ee jim uheln\u00e9 doly vezmou domovy, nebo n\u00e1mezdn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i st\u00e1vce. Pova\u017euji za chybn\u00e9 vypichov\u00e1n\u00ed a nad\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed boje za osvobozen\u00ed kr\u00e1vy a ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed boje za osvobozen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka z n\u00e1mezdn\u011b-pracovn\u00edho vztahu. Oba boje jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a nav\u00edc vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 a neodd\u011bliteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

9 )<\/strong> Boj za v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed je pot\u0159eba z individualistick\u00e9ho \u201elifestylov\u00e9ho boje\u201c roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na boj kolektivn\u00ed (soci\u00e1ln\u00ed) a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed skrze konfrontaci hierarchie ve v\u0161ech form\u00e1ch. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se sna\u017eit nahradit hierarchick\u00e9 struktury strukturami rovnost\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u2013 tedy bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9mu nedominuje ani st\u00e1t ani trh.<\/p>\n

10 )<\/strong> Pratick\u00e9 kroky by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt v rozporu s teoretick\u00fdmi z\u00e1klady. Svobody nelze dos\u00e1hnout nesvobodn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Usilujeme-li o osvobozen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, pak nelze p\u0159istoupit k boji skrze parlamentn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, vl\u00e1du, st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce \u010di komer\u010dn\u00ed masmedia. Byl by t\u00edm naru\u0161en harmonick\u00fd vztah mezi teori\u00ed a prax\u00ed. Boj by pak nevedl k pln\u00e9mu osvobozen\u00ed, ale v lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pouze ke \u201ekosmetick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m\u201c a v hor\u0161\u00edm k upevn\u011bn\u00ed stability nesvobodn\u00e9ho statusu quo.<\/p>\n

autor textu: Luk\u00e1\u0161 Borl \u2013 \u010dlen asociace ALERTA<\/strong><\/p>\n

…………………………………………………………………………..<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9koliv snahy diskutovat nad obsahem tohoto textu \u010di souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi t\u00e9maty jsou v\u00edtan\u00e9!!!<\/strong><\/p>\n

kontakt na autora textu: hlas<\/span>(zavin\u00e1\u010d)safe-mail.<\/span><\/span>net<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V p\u00e1tek 24.9.2010 prob\u011bhlo v pra\u017esk\u00e9m Discentru z iniciativy asociace ALERTA a n\u011bkolika zp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdch skupin a jednotlivc\u016f otev\u0159en\u00e9 diskuzn\u00ed sek\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159edm\u011btem diskuze se stalo t\u00e9ma: \u201eR\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k ochran\u011b a z\u00e1chran\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at\u201c.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8517,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekologie","category-reortaze"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=610"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/610\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}