{"id":1495,"date":"2011-06-15T00:13:04","date_gmt":"2011-06-14T23:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/?p=1495"},"modified":"2011-06-15T00:13:04","modified_gmt":"2011-06-14T23:13:04","slug":"co-to-je-homofobie-a-kde-se-s-ni-muzeme-setkat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/?p=1495","title":{"rendered":"Co to je homofobie a kde se s n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme setkat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1497\" title=\"laska2\" src=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/em><em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><em>Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se <a href=\"http:\/\/www.genderfuck.cz\/\">Gender Fuck na Cest\u011b<\/a>! Tedy akce, kter\u00e1 si klade za c\u00edl st\u00e1t se prostorem pro setk\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed lid\u00ed,  kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed problematizovat ot\u00e1zky spojen\u00e9 s genderem, rasou, t\u0159\u00eddou,  pohlav\u00edm, t\u011blem, v\u011bkem a sexualitou. Takov\u00e9 druhy akc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1me, doporu\u010dujeme ostatn\u00edm a je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9, tak je i podporujeme svou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed. N\u00e1sleduje\u00a0jeden star\u0161\u00ed, ale st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed text, kter\u00fd s t\u00e9matem akce\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.genderfuck.cz\/\">Gender Fuck na Cest\u011b<\/a> hodn\u011b souvis\u00ed. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><em><!--more--><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Co to je homofobie a kde se s n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme setkat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Pojem  homofobie poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eil v\u00a0roce 1972 George Weinberg. Tehdy tento pojem  ozna\u010doval iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed strach, nen\u00e1vist a odsuzov\u00e1n\u00ed homosexu\u00e1ln\u011b  orientovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby se obsah tohoto pojmu zna\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il.  Dnes je homofobie ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako soubor negativn\u00edho\u00a0 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed,  my\u0161len\u00ed a kon\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di lesb\u00e1m, gay\u016fm a bisexu\u00e1l\u016fm. Homofobie m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00fdvat  r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem od r\u016fzn\u00fdch vtip\u016f a nar\u00e1\u017eek, p\u0159es diskriminaci v\u00a0r\u00e1mci  legislativy a medic\u00edny a\u017e po n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u00fatoky (nap\u0159. ze strany policie a  neonacist\u016f). V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edmto pojmem vznik\u00e1 pojem heterosexismus,  kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje syst\u00e9m ignoruj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di odsuzuj\u00edc\u00ed jakoukoliv jinou formu  byt\u00ed, identity, vztahu a komunity, ne\u017e je ta heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci  tohoto syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 heterosexualita privilegovan\u00e9 postaven\u00ed\u00a0 a je  pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jedin\u00fd spr\u00e1vn\u00fd projev l\u00e1sky a sexuality.<strong><em>1)<\/em><\/strong> Homofobie a  heterosexismus jsou soci\u00e1ln\u011b konstruov\u00e1ny a reprodukov\u00e1ny jak na \u00farovni  soci\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00ed, tak v\u00a0rovin\u011b osobn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Homofobie a heterosexismus  \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s\u00a0patriarch\u00e1ln\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm spole\u010dnosti a konstrukc\u00ed  maskulinit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad M.S.Kimmel se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee homofobie je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm  prvkem toho, co je a nen\u00ed mu\u017estv\u00ed. Je to strach, kter\u00fd mu\u017ei poci\u0165uj\u00ed  v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm. Strach, \u017ee je jin\u00ed mu\u017ei odhal\u00ed a p\u0159iprav\u00ed o jejich  mu\u017eskost. Mu\u017estv\u00ed tedy, tak jak ho mu\u017ei ch\u00e1pou a hraj\u00ed, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e ve  strachu z\u00a0ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0touze po ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161 ve strachu, \u017ee si je  podman\u00ed jin\u00ed mu\u017ei a budou nad nimi m\u00edt moc, ne\u017e v\u00a0touze ovl\u00e1dat jin\u00e9  \u017eeny a mu\u017ee. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, na kterou Kimmel krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, je n\u00e1sil\u00ed  mu\u017e\u016f. To podle n\u011bho vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 bezmoci a strachu mu\u017e\u016f z\u00a0toho, \u017ee  nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b mu\u017en\u00ed.<strong><em>2)<\/em><\/strong> Homofobii tedy m\u016f\u017eeme ch\u00e1pat t\u00e9\u017e jako strach  ze z\u017een\u0161tilosti. Strach z\u00a0toho, aby n\u00e1s n\u011bkdo neozna\u010dil za babu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Jak  homofobie funguje a koho se t\u00fdk\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Jak u\u017e jsem v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00ednila, domn\u00edv\u00e1m  se, \u017ee homofobie je konstruovan\u00e1 v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na kultu\u0159e, historii a  soci\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie se neakceptov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed s\u00a0jinou  sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed orientac\u00ed, ne\u017e je heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed, naturalizovalo a dodnes je  v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch form\u00e1ch reprodukov\u00e1no. To tedy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee homofobie nen\u00ed  p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 majoritn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako diskriminace. Lesby, gayov\u00e9 a  bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 nejsou v\u00a0mnoha ohledech zrovnopr\u00e1vn\u011bni s\u00a0heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed  majoritou a st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed na okraji spole\u010dnosti. Jen v\u00a0m\u00e1lo zem\u00edch je  uz\u00e1kon\u011bn\u00e9 registrovan\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b zem\u00edch je povoleno  um\u011bl\u00e9 oplodn\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v homosexu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010di bisexu\u00e1ln\u011b  orientovan\u00fdm jedinc\u016fm. Diskriminace samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neprob\u00edh\u00e1 jen na \u00farovni  legislativn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch se jen velmi  m\u00e1lo a zcela okrajov\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o homosexualit\u011b a bisexualit\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148  jazyk, kter\u00fdm se mluv\u00ed ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, ale i jinde, je \u010dasto  heterosexistick\u00fd, zahrnuje v\u00a0sob\u011b pouze heterosexu\u00e1ln\u011b orientovan\u00e9  jedince a jejich vztahy. S diskriminac\u00ed se gayov\u00e9, lesby a  bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9\/bisexu\u00e1lky mohou setkat i ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se u\u017e v  medic\u00ednsk\u00e9m diskurzu nenahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na homosexualitu jako na nemoc, kter\u00e1 se  d\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dit, pracuj\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i a l\u00e9ka\u0159ky, terapeuti a terapeutky  s\u00a0heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edmi normami v\u00fdvoje osobnosti a vztah\u016f. V\u00a0souvislosti  s\u00a0heterosexismem a homofobi\u00ed je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit i katolickou c\u00edrkev. Ta se  velmi v\u00fdznamn\u011b zaslou\u017eila o rozvoj heterosexistick\u00e9ho a  heteronormativn\u00edho nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na sv\u011bt. Do tohoto v\u00fd\u010dtu zcela jist\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed i  m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 reprodukuj\u00ed jak ust\u00e1len\u00e9 genderov\u00e9 stereotypy, tak  heterosexistick\u00fd n\u00e1hled na spole\u010dnost. Jen m\u00e1lo se p\u00ed\u0161e gay\u00edch, lesb\u00e1ch\u00a0  a bisexu\u00e1lech v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch \u010di \u010dasopisech. Jen m\u00e1lo kdy vid\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00fd  film, kde vystupuj\u00ed i homosexu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010di bisexu\u00e1ln\u011b orientovan\u00ed jedinci, a  kdy\u017e u\u017e na n\u011bco p\u0159eci jen naraz\u00edte, \u010dasto jsou tito lid\u00e9 p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1ni  div\u00e1kovi\/diva\u010dce \u010di \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i\/\u010dten\u00e1\u0159ce z\u00a0heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fahlu pohledu.  V\u00a0mnoha heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch a\u0165 u\u017e psan\u00fdch nebo zfilmovan\u00fdch se  heterosexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 a heterosexu\u00e1lky n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vid\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmalo by m\u011b,  zda se tak\u00e9 gayov\u00e9, lesby, bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 a bisexu\u00e1lky vid\u00ed ve filmech a  knih\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se o nich p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a to\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1496\" title=\"laska\" src=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"203\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nHomofobie ov\u0161em nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt  probl\u00e9m jen majoritn\u00ed heterosexistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Ivana \u010cervenkov\u00e1  zmi\u0148uje v\u00a0knize Nevidite\u013en\u00e1\u00a0 men\u0161ina tzv. internalizovanou homof\u00f3bii.  Tou je my\u0161lena nen\u00e1vist gay\u016f, leseb, bisexu\u00e1l\u016f\/bisexu\u00e1lek\u00a0 k\u00a0sob\u011b sam\u00fdm.  Internalizovan\u00e1 homofobie se projevuje nap\u0159\u00edklad odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm sebe sam\u00e9ho,  pocity viny, nechu\u0165 do \u017eivota a usilov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se norm\u00e1m  v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Tyto pocity a snahy mohou vy\u00fastit v  sebedestrukci, izolaci a agresi v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm homosexu\u00e1l\u016fm a bisexu\u00e1l\u016fm.  P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny internalizovan\u00e9 homofobie m\u016f\u017eeme hledat v\u00a0negativn\u00edm nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed  majoritn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na homosexu\u00e1ln\u011b a bisexu\u00e1ln\u011b orientovan\u00e9 jedince.  Ti pak maj\u00ed strach, \u017ee je okol\u00ed nep\u0159ijme a c\u00edt\u00ed se provinile. Gayov\u00e9,  lesby a bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9\/bisexu\u00e1lky, kte\u0159\u00ed hodn\u011b zvnit\u0159nili homofobn\u00ed postoje  majoritn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, \u010dast\u011bji skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed svou identitu, ne\u017e lid\u00e9 s\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed  m\u00edrou internalizovan\u00e9 homofobie. \u010cervenkov\u00e1 d\u00e1le p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee vzhledem  k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee lesby, gayov\u00e9, bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9\/bisexu\u00e1lky se socializuj\u00ed stejn\u011b  jako heterosexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 do spole\u010dnosti prodchnut\u00e9 genderov\u00fdmi stereotypy,  je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee gayov\u00e9 zvnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00edce negativn\u00edch postoj\u016f o vlastn\u00ed  homosexualit\u011b ne\u017e lesby. Bisexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 a bisexu\u00e1lky\u00a0 zaznamenali  v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0lesbami a gayi je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru internalizovan\u00e9 homofobie.  P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu m\u016f\u017eeme hledat v\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b negativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postoj\u00edch majoritn\u00ed  spole\u010dnosti v\u016f\u010di bisexualit\u011b.<strong><em>3)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Homofobie se t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u0161ech bez  rozd\u00edlu pohlav\u00ed, rasy a etnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti. My v\u0161ichni, a\u0165 chceme nebo  ne, se socializujeme do spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 je do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry  heterosexistick\u00e1 a homof\u00f3bn\u00ed. My v\u0161ichni m\u016f\u017eeme ve sv\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm  \u017eivot\u011b reprodukovat heterosexistick\u00e9 a homof\u00f3bn\u00ed nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na sv\u011bt. A to  a\u0165 u\u017e formou internalizovan\u00e9 homofobie ze strany leseb, gay\u016f, bisexu\u00e1l\u016f  a bisexu\u00e1lek, tak formou homofobie ze strany majoritn\u00ed heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed  spole\u010dnosti. V\u00fdchodisko z\u00a0t\u00e9to situace vid\u00edm v\u00a0otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed celospole\u010densk\u00e9  diskuse nad touto problematikou, v\u00a0nabour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed norem v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sexuality a  v dekonstrukci a p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed genderov\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm  \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong><strong>p\u0159evzato s \u010dasopisu P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 cesta \u010d. 8 \/ 2005 \u2192 <\/strong>autorka: <em>Dita <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1497\" title=\"laska2\" src=\"http:\/\/alerta.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/laska2-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/strong>\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192\u2192<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Pozn\u00e1mky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em><strong>1)<\/strong><\/em> S. Ondrisov\u00e1: Homofobia a heterosexismus: Postoje ku gejom, lesbick\u00fdm  \u017een\u00e1m a bisexu\u00e1lom. In: Nevidite\u013en\u00e1 men\u0161ina: \u010co (ne)vieme o sexualnej  orient\u00e1cii. Nad\u00e1cia ob\u010dan a demokr\u00e1cia. Bratislava. 2002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em><strong>2)<\/strong><\/em> Kimmel, Michael S.: Mali by, mo\u017eu, bud\u00fa mu\u017ei podporova\u0165 feminismus? In: Aspekt. r.1999. \u010d.2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em><strong>3) <\/strong><\/em>I.  \u010cervenkov\u00e1: Internalizovan\u00e1 homof\u00f3bia. In: Nevidite\u013en\u00e1 men\u0161ina: \u010co  (ne)vieme o sexualnej orient\u00e1cii. Nad\u00e1cia ob\u010dan a demokr\u00e1cia.  Bratislava. 2002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se Gender Fuck na Cest\u011b! Tedy akce, kter\u00e1 si klade za c\u00edl st\u00e1t se prostorem pro setk\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed problematizovat ot\u00e1zky spojen\u00e9 s genderem, rasou, t\u0159\u00eddou, pohlav\u00edm, t\u011blem, v\u011bkem a sexualitou. Takov\u00e9 druhy akc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1me, doporu\u010dujeme ostatn\u00edm a je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9, tak je i podporujeme svou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed. N\u00e1sleduje\u00a0jeden star\u0161\u00ed, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8517,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-co-se-pise-jinde"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8517"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1495\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asal.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}